body {
    font-family: 'Open Sans';
    line-height: 1.7;
    overflow-x: hidden;
}

a {
    text-decoration: none;
}

a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

#logo {
    height: 5em;
    width: auto;
}

.text-align {
    text-align: left;
}

.umass {
    color: #971B2F;
    font-weight: bold;
}

.nav .nav-link {
    color: #971B2F;
    /* Custom text color for inactive links */
}

.nav .nav-link:hover {
    color: #572932;
}

.nav .nav-link.active {
    color: white;
    background-color: #971B2F;
    border-radius: 0;
}

.body-container {
    min-height: 40vh;
}

.email:hover {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #971B2F;
}

.profile-img-card {
    width: 70%;
    max-width: 175px;
    aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
    margin: 1rem auto;
    overflow: hidden;
    background-color: #f8f9fa;
    border-radius: 50%;
    box-shadow: 0px 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}

.people .card:hover > .profile-img-card {
    box-shadow: 0px 4px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0);
    transition-duration: 200ms;
}

.profile-img {
    object-fit: cover;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    border-radius: 12px;
    object-fit: cover;
    transition: all 0.4s ease;
    filter: grayscale(20%) contrast(1.1);
}

#calendar .bg-primary {
    background-color: #971B2F !important;
    font-family: 'Noto Sans Mono';
    font-size: 8pt;
}

#calendar .topic {
    text-align: left;
}

#calendar .badge {
    text-align: center;
    width: auto;
}

#calendar .list-group-item {
    border: none;
}

@media (max-width: 576px) {

    #logo {
        height: 4em;
        width: auto;
    }
}

#publications .bg-primary {
    background-color: #971B2F !important;
    padding: 0.25em;
}

:root {
    --umass-maroon: #881c1c;
    --umass-gold: #ffc72c;
    --gradient-bg: linear-gradient(135deg, #f8f9fa 0%, #e9ecef 100%);
    --hero-gradient: linear-gradient(135deg, #881c1c 0%, #a52a2a 50%, #881c1c 100%);
    --shadow-soft: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 2px 4px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
    --shadow-hover: 0 10px 25px -3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 4px 6px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    --shadow-glow: 0 0 20px rgba(136, 28, 28, 0.3);
}


.page-header {
    background: var(--hero-gradient);
    color: white;
    padding: 4rem 0 3rem 0;
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.page-header::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    background: url('data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 1000 1000"><polygon fill="%23ffffff08" points="0,1000 1000,800 1000,1000"/><polygon fill="%23ffffff05" points="0,800 1000,600 1000,800 0,1000"/></svg>');
    pointer-events: none;
}

.page-header .container {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

.page-title {
    font-size: 3rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 0.8rem;
    text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
    animation: fadeInUp 1s ease-out;
}

.page-subtitle {
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    font-weight: 300;
    opacity: 0.9;
    text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
    animation: fadeInUp 1s ease-out 0.3s both;
}

.logo-container {
    animation: fadeInUp 1s ease-out 0.1s both;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.logo-container:hover {
    transform: scale(1.05);
}

@keyframes fadeInUp {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateY(30px);
    }
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(0);
    }
}

@keyframes float {
    0%, 100% { transform: translateY(0px); }
    50% { transform: translateY(-10px); }
}

.floating {
    animation: float 3s ease-in-out infinite;
}

.news-card {
    background: white;
    border-radius: 20px;
    padding: 2.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    border: 1px solid rgba(136, 28, 28, 0.1);
}

.news-card:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
    transform: translateY(-5px);
}

.news-item {
    background: linear-gradient(45deg, #ffffff, #ffffff);
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    border-left: 4px solid var(--umass-gold);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.news-item::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: -100%;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(255, 199, 44, 0.1), transparent);
    transition: left 0.5s ease;
}

.news-item:hover::before {
    left: 100%;
}

.news-item:hover {
    transform: translateX(5px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
}

.section-title {
    color: var(--umass-maroon);
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    position: relative;
    display: inline-block;
}

.section-title::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -8px;
    left: 0;
    width: 60%;
    height: 4px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--umass-gold), var(--umass-maroon));
    border-radius: 2px;
}

.upcoming-seminar {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--umass-maroon), #a52a2a);
    color: white;
    border-radius: 16px;
    padding: 2rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.upcoming-seminar::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: -50%;
    right: -50%;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(255, 199, 44, 0.1) 0%, transparent 70%);
    animation: float 4s ease-in-out infinite;
}

.expertise-card {
    background: linear-gradient(145deg, #ffffff, #f8f9fa);
    border-radius: 20px;
    padding: 2rem;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
    border: 1px solid rgba(136, 28, 28, 0.08);
    transition: all 0.4s ease;
    text-align: left;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    height: 100%;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.expertise-card:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
    transform: translateY(-8px) scale(1.02);
    border-color: var(--umass-maroon);
}

.expertise-card::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: -100%;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(255, 199, 44, 0.1), transparent);
    transition: left 0.6s ease;
    z-index: 1;
}

.expertise-card:hover::before {
    left: 100%;
}

.expertise-content {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
}

.expertise-header {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.expertise-icon {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    margin-right: 1rem;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--umass-maroon), var(--umass-gold));
    -webkit-background-clip: text;
    -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
    background-clip: text;
}

.expertise-title {
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--umass-maroon);
    margin: 0;
}

.expertise-description {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: #495057;
    line-height: 1.6;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.expertise-examples {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: #6c757d;
    font-style: italic;
}

.expertise-badge {
    display: inline-block;
    background: rgba(136, 28, 28, 0.1);
    color: var(--umass-maroon);
    padding: 0.3rem 0.8rem;
    border-radius: 20px;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    margin: 0.2rem 0.3rem 0.2rem 0;
}

.research-highlight {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f8f9fa, #ffffff);
    border-left: 4px solid var(--umass-gold);
    padding: 1rem;
    border-radius: 8px;
    margin-top: 1rem;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #495057;
}

.research-highlight strong {
    color: var(--umass-maroon);
}

.section-card {
    background: white;
    border-radius: 24px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
    border: 1px solid rgba(136, 28, 28, 0.1);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
    overflow: hidden;
    position: relative;
    animation: fadeInUp 0.8s ease-out 0.2s both;
}

.section-card::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 6px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--umass-maroon), var(--umass-gold), var(--umass-maroon));
}

.section-card:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.card, .profile-card {
    background: linear-gradient(145deg, #ffffff, #f8f9fa);
    border-radius: 16px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-soft);
    border: 1px solid rgba(136, 28, 28, 0.08);
    transition: all 0.4s ease;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: inherit;
    overflow: hidden;
    height: 100%;
    position: relative;
}

.card:hover, .profile-card:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-hover);
    transform: translateY(-8px);
    text-decoration: none;
    color: inherit;
}

.profile-card::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: -100%;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(255, 199, 44, 0.1), transparent);
    transition: left 0.6s ease;
    z-index: 1;
}

.profile-card:hover::before {
    left: 100%;
}

.profile-img-card {
    padding: 0rem;
}

.profile-card:hover .profile-img {
    filter: grayscale(0%) contrast(1.2) brightness(1.05);
    transform: scale(1.05);
}

.card-body {
    padding: 1.5rem;
    text-align: center;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
}

.card-title {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #2c3e50;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.people .card {
    border: none;
    font-size: 8pt;
    text-decoration: none !important;
}

.people .card-body {
    padding: 0.2rem;
}

.profile-card:hover .card-title {
    color: #34495e;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.card-text {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #6c757d;
}

.profile-card .email {
    position: absolute;
    top: 1rem;
    right: 1rem;
    width: 30px;
    height: 30px;
    background: var(--umass-maroon);
    color: white;
    border-radius: 50%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    z-index: 2;
}

.profile-card .email:hover {
    color: var(--umass-maroon);
    transform: scale(1.1);
}

.subsection-title {
    font-size: 1.6rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--umass-maroon);
    margin: 3rem 0 2rem 0;
    padding-left: 2rem;
    position: relative;
    display: inline-block;
}

.subsection-title::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    width: 6px;
    height: 30px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--umass-gold), var(--umass-maroon));
    border-radius: 3px;
}

.subsection-title::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -8px;
    left: 2rem;
    width: 60%;
    height: 3px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--umass-gold), transparent);
    border-radius: 2px;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .page-title {
        font-size: 2rem;
    }
    .page-subtitle {
        font-size: 1.1rem;
    }
}

/* .fade-in {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(30px);
    animation: fadeInUp 0.8s ease forwards;
} */

@keyframes fadeInUp {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateY(30px);
    }
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(0);
    }
}

@keyframes slideInLeft {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateX(-50px);
    }
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateX(0);
    }
}

.profile-card {
    animation: slideInLeft 0.6s ease-out;
}

.profile-card:nth-child(2) { animation-delay: 0.1s; }
.profile-card:nth-child(3) { animation-delay: 0.2s; }
.profile-card:nth-child(4) { animation-delay: 0.3s; }
.profile-card:nth-child(5) { animation-delay: 0.4s; }
.profile-card:nth-child(6) { animation-delay: 0.5s; }

/* Navigation breadcrumb styling */
.breadcrumb {
    background: transparent;
    padding: 0;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.breadcrumb-item a {
    color: var(--umass-maroon);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.breadcrumb-item a:hover {
    color: var(--umass-gold);
}